A.M. Topalov
https://doi.org/10.15407/elmodel.48.04.109
Èlektron. model. 2026, 48(4):109-123
ABSTRACT
The methodology for creating an interactive training program for virtual port modeling, designed to study and optimize ship servicing processes, is considered. An approach to building virtual modeling of port systems based on mathematical models and numerical experiments is proposed. The main stages of modeling are revealed, including the definition of objectives, the formation of probabilistic characteristics of ship and resource flows, and the use of Poisson and Erlang distribution laws to describe the dynamics of port operations. Modern simulation modeling platforms such as AnyLogic, Simio, FlexSim, and Arena are analyzed. It is determined that the integration of mathematical models with high-performance computing and 3D visualization provides the ability to realistically reproduce port operations, estimate throughput capacity, optimize resource utilization, and improve the efficiency of logistics processes. The results obtained can be used to train specialists in the maritime industry and improve port complex management systems.
KEYWORDS
3D environment, interactive training program, safety, system model, training, virtual modeling, port operations, simulation modeling.
REFERENCES
- Bi, J., Wang, P., Zhang, W., Bao, K., & Qin, L. (2024). Research on the construction of a digital twin system for the long-term service monitoring of port terminals. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12(7), Article 1215.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071215 - Neugebauer, J., Heilig, L., & Voß, S. (2024). Digital twins in the context of seaports and terminal facilities. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 36(3), 821-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-023-09515-9 - Barbosa, V., Pinto, R., Pinheiro, J., Gonçalves, G., & Ribeiro, A. (2023). Towards a digital twin simulation for cycle times analysis in a cyber-physical production system. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications (SIMULTECH 2023) (pp. 369-376).
https://doi.org/10.5220/0012123100003546 - Gao, Y., Chang, D., Chen, C., & Xu, G. (2023). A digital twin-based approach for optimizing operation energy consumption at automated container terminals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 385, Article 135782.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135782 - Zhu, M., Calderon, C., Ford, A., Robson, C., & Jin, J. (2025). Digital twin for resilience and sustainability assessment of port facility. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2025.2526928 - Wang, K., Xu, H., Wang, H., Qiu, R., Hu, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Digital twin-driven safety management and decision support approach for port operations and logistics. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, Article 1455522.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1455522 - Yang, W., Bao, X., Zheng, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z., & Li, L. (2024). A digital twin framework for large comprehensive ports and a case study of Qingdao Port. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 131, 5571-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10625-1 - El-Naggar, M. (2010). Application of queuing theory to the container terminal at Alexandria seaport. Journal of Soil Science, 7(4), 1- https://www.internationalscholarsjournals.com/ articles/application-of-queuing-theory-to-the-container-terminal-at-alexandria-seaport.pdf
- Jahangard, M., Xie, Y., & Feng, Y. (2025). Leveraging machine learning and optimization models for enhanced seaport efficiency. Maritime Economics & Logistics.
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41278-024-00309-w - Bierwirth, C., & Meisel, F. (2010). A survey of berth allocation and quay crane scheduling problems in container terminals. European Journal of Operational Research, 202(3), 615-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2009.05.031 - Dragović, B., Tzannatos, E., & Park, N. (2017). Simulation modelling in ports and container terminals: Literature overview and analysis by research field, application area and tool. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 29, 4-34
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-016-9239-5 - Fedorko, G., Molnár, V., Mikušová, N., Strohmandl, J., & Kižik, T. (2023). Simulation of handling operations in marine container terminals for the purposes of a profession simulator. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(12), Article 2264.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11122264
Received 01.01.2026