2. Home
  3. ARCHIVE
  4. 2025
  5. VOL 47, NO 6 (2025)
  6. pp. 34-57

THE CONCEPT OF BUILDING A KNOWLEDGE GRAPH FOR HARMONIZING EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

N.V. Sytnyk, O.O. Denisova, I.S. Zinovieva

Èlektron. model. 2025, 47(6):34-57

https://doi.org/10.15407/emodel.47.06.034

ABSTRACT

The concept of creating a knowledge graph for harmonizing educational and professional standards in the context of training specialists in higher education institutions is presented. The main purpose of the knowledge graph is to provide a holistic approach to the analysis and integration of various standards applied in education and the professional environment. A competence-oriented approach is used to construct the knowledge graph, which allows identifying the key competences necessary for the development of qualifications in various professional fields. The proposed graph covers educational standards, in accordance with the list of university specialties, and professional standards in accordance with the National Classification of Professions, which opens up opportunities for further research in this area. The development of such a graph will enable a comprehensive, integrated approach to the centralized storage of relevant information at the national level and the study of the interrelationships between professional and educational standards. This, in turn, will improve the quality of training for specialists, ensure greater flexibility and adaptability in responding to changes in the requirements of the labor market and professional environment, and improve the quality and relevance of educational programs.

KEYWORDS

educational and professional standards, graph technologies, knowledge graph, NoSQL graph database, Neo4j DBMS.

REFERENCES

  1. World Economic Forum. (2025). Future of jobs report 2025 (Insight report). https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_Report_2025.pdf.
  2. World Economic Forum. (2023). The future of jobs report 2023. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2023.
  3. European Commission (2016). European skills agenda. https://employment-social-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies-and-activities/skills-and-qualifications/european-skills-agenda_en.
  4. European Commission (2025). The union of skills. https://employment-social-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/915b147d-c5af-44bb-9820-c252d872fd31_en?filename= Communication%20-%20Union%20of%20Skills.pdf.
  5. Cedefop (2024). 2024 European skills index: Technical report. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/ files/esi_technical_report_2024.pdf.
  6. OECD (2024). Understanding skill gaps in firms: Results of the PIAAC employer module (OECD Skills Studies). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/b388d1da-en.
  7. Gartner (2024). Top 5 HR trends and priorities that matter most in 2025. https://www.gartner.com/en/human-resources/trends/top-priorities-for-hr-leaders.
  8. National Institute for Strategic Studies (2024). Key characteristics of the Ukrainian labor market in the first half of 2024. https://niss.gov.ua/doslidzhennya/sotsialna-polityka/osnovni-kharakterystyky-rynku-pratsi-ukrayiny-u-pershomu.
  9. Deloitte (2023). Trends in the field of human capital 2023: New rules for a borderless world. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ua/Documents/human-capital/2023-human-capital-trends-presentation.pdf.
  10. Deloitte (2024). 2024 global human capital trends. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/articles/glob176836_global-human-capital-trends-2024/DI_Global-Human-Capital-Trends-2024.pdf.
  11. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2017). Law of Ukraine "On Education" No. 2145-VIII, adopted on September 5, 2017. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2145-19#Text.
  12. Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine (2021). Express analysis of the current state of IT education in Ukraine. https://surl.li/tscldz.
  13. National Qualifications Agency (2023). Methodological recommendations for the development of professional standards. https://nqa.gov.ua/uploads/multiple-input/63d3be768f7b1.pdf.
  14. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2014). Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" No. 1556-VII, adopted on July 1, 2014. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1556-18#Text.
  15. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (2017). Methodological recommendations for the development of higher education standards. https://mon.gov.ua/static-objects/mon/sites/1/vishcha-osvita/rekomendatsii-1648.pdf.
  16. State Committee of Ukraine for Technical Regulation and Consumer Policy (2010). National Classifier of Occupations of Ukraine DK 003:2010. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/va327609-10#Text.
  17. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015). International standard classification of education: Fields of education and training 2013 (ISCED-F 2013) — Detailed field descriptions. https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification-of-education-fields-of-education-and-training-2013-detailed-field-descriptions-2015-en.pdf.
  18. EHEA (2005). The framework of qualifications for the European Higher Education Area. https://ehea.info/media.ehea.info/file/WG_Frameworks_qualification/85/2/Framework_qualificationsforEHEA-May2005_587852.pdf.
  19. European Union (2017). Council recommendation of 22 May 2017 on the European Qualifications Framework for lifelong learning. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32017H0615%2801%29.
  20. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (2011). Approval of the National Qualifications Framework: Resolution No. 1341 of November 23, 2011. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1341-2011-%D0%BF#Text.
  21. National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance (2022). Procedure for approval of draft higher education standards. https://surl.lu/dkwgmz.
  22. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (2020). Regulations on accreditation of edu­cational programs: Order No. 768 of June 10, 2020. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1013-24#Text.
  23. National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance (2024). Clarification on the application of quality assessment criteria for educational programs: Methodical manual. https://surl.li/hutczz.
  24. Skyba, Y. (2023). 21st-century skills: Adaptation of educational programs of domestic higher education institutions. Problems of Education, 2(99), 72-88. https://doi.org/10.52256/2710-3986.2-99.2023.05.
  25. Palekhova, V. (2020). Mismatch between education and labor market demands (example of trade and related fields). Economic Discourse, 3, 117-126. https://doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2020-3-12.
  26. Kovaliuk, T.V. (2017). Harmonization of professional and educational IT standards requirements to graduates’ competencies. Bulletin of the National University "Lviv Polytechnic". Series: Information Systems and Networks, 872, 229-240. http://nbuv.gov.ua/ UJRN/VNULPICM_2017_872_27.
  27. Denisova, O., Sytnyk, N., & Zinovieva, I. (2025). Aligning computer engineering curricula to meet digital economy requirements: Interdisciplinary aspect. In M.E. Auer & T. Rüütmann (Eds.), Futureproofing engineering education for global responsibility (Vol. 1261). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85649-5_14.
  28. Proskura, S.L., & Lytvynova, S.H. (2019). Formation of professional competence of future bachelors in computer science. Physical and Mathematical Education, 2, 137-146. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/fmo_2019_2_24.
  29. Springboard for Business (2024). The skills gap in the U.S. workforce. https://www.springboard.com/blog/business/skills-gap-trends-2024.
  30. Abir, T., Islam, R., Ullah, A., & Rahman, S. (2024). Aligning education with market demands: A case study of marketing graduates from Daffodil International University. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(8). https://doi.org/ 10.26803/ijlter.23.8.8.
  31. The National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance (2024). The national action plan on Ukrainian external higher education quality assurance for 2024–2026 period. https://naqa.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/National-Action-Plan-2024-2026.pdf.
  32. OECD (2022). Enhancing labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education: Country note Austria (OECD Education Policy Perspectives). https://surl.li/iknukh.
  33. Van Noy, M., & Cleary, J. (2017). Aligning higher education and the labor market: Gui­ding principles and open questions (Issue Brief). Rutgers Education and Employment Research Center. https://smlr.rutgers.edu/sites/default/files/Documents/Centers/EERC/eerc_lma_issue_brief_final%20%281%29.pdf.
  34. EHEA (2003). Tuning educational structures in Europe: Final report. Phase one. https://ehea.info/media.ehea.info/file/Tuning_project/92/5/Tuning-Phase1-Final-Report_575925.pdf.
  35. CEN (2019). EN 16234-1:2019. e-Competence Framework (e-CF) – A common European framework for ICT professionals in all sectors – Part 1: Framework. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:67073&cs=15E62ED24D608A 5F10D6BEE8E6D50FA10.
  36. CEN (2022). EN 17748-1:2022. Foundational body of knowledge for the ICT profession (ICT BoK) — Part 1: Body of Knowledge. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:71369&cs=1C8337CE362C20D0C56CB36396F55FFEF.
  37. CEN (2022). CEN/TS 17834:2022. European professional ethics framework for the ICT profession (EU ICT Ethics). https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:0:::: FSP_PROJECT:72945&cs=143808EC8056B6A9CF985184835B6F7A9
  38. CEN. (2018). CWA 16458-1:2018. European ICT Professional Role Profiles version 2 — Part 1 Full Descriptions. https://www.cencenelec.eu/media/CEN-CENELEC/AreasOfWork/ CEN%20sectors/Digital%20Society/CWA%20Download%20Area/ICT_SkillsWS/16458-1.pdf.
  39. CEN (2022). CEN/TS 17699:2022. Guidelines for developing ICT professional curricula as scoped by EN 16234-1 (e-CF). https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205: 110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:72363&cs=1825944F2586B5DDEE73CE814B769E7AD
  40. Tempus ALIGN Project. (n.d.). Project website. http://tempus.univ.kiev.ua/align.
  41. Reif, J., Stegeman, J., & Sanoja, D. (2021). The developer’s guide: How to build a knowledge graph (Whitepaper). Neo4j, Inc. https://neo4j.com/whitepapers/developers-guide-how-to-build-knowledge-graph.
  42. Stegeman, J. (2024). What is a knowledge graph? https://neo4j.com/blog/what-is-knowledge-graph.
  43. Fettach, Y., Ghogho, M., & Benatallah, B. (2022). Knowledge graphs in education and employability: A survey on applications and techniques. IEEE Access, 10, 80174-80183. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3194063.
  44. Fettach, Y., Bahaj, A., & Ghogho, M. (2024). JobEdKG: An uncertain knowledge graph-based approach for recommending online courses and predicting in-demand skills based on career choices. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 131, Article 107779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2023.107779.
  45. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (2015). List of fields of knowledge and specialties of higher education: Resolution No. 266 of April 29, 2015. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/266-2015-%D0%BF#n11.
  46. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (2019). Higher education standard of Ukraine of the first (bachelor’s) level in the specialty 122 "Computer Science". https://mon.gov.ua/static-objects/mon/sites/1/vishcha-osvita/zatverdzeni%20standarty/2019/07/12/122-kompyut.nauk.bakalavr-1.pdf.
  47. Ministry of Economy of Ukraine (2010). National Classifier of Occupations of Ukraine DK 003:2010. https://hrliga.com/docs/KP-2010_zpz13.htm.
  48. Administration of the State Service of Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine (2022). Professional standard "Network and Systems Administrator". https://register.nqa.gov.ua/uploads/0/434-profesijnij_standart_administrator_merez_i_sistem.pdf.
  49. DB-Engines (2025). DB-Engines ranking of graph DBMS. https://db-engines.com/en/ranking/graph+dbms.
  50. Zinovieva, I., Sytnyk, N., Denisova, O., & Artemchuk, V. (2024). Support for the development of educational programs with graph database technology. In A. Semenov, I. Yepifanova, & J. Kajanová (Eds.), Data-centric business and applications (Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, Vol. 195). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47992-1_3.

Full text: PDF