The journal adheres to publication ethics principles in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics and applies a zero-tolerance policy toward violations, including plagiarism, data falsification, duplicate publication, citation manipulation, inappropriate authorship, peer review misconduct, and improper use of artificial intelligence technologies.
Submitted manuscripts must be original and must not be under consideration in other journals. Detection of duplicate submission, plagiarism, fabricated data, or other forms of academic misconduct constitutes grounds for rejection or application of appropriate editorial measures. In cases of suspected violations, the editorial board conducts an investigation in accordance with the procedure defined in Section 3.
If a violation is confirmed after publication, the following editorial actions may be applied:
- publication of a correction (Correction);
- editorial notice of error (Erratum);
- author’s correction notice (Corrigendum);
- expression of concern (Expression of Concern);
- retraction of the article.
Retraction is applied in cases of proven invalidity of results, plagiarism, duplicate publication, falsified authorship, compromised peer review, unethical research practices, use of unreliable or misappropriated data, as well as serious violations of the AI usage policy. Retracted articles remain accessible but are clearly marked as retracted, and a separate retraction notice is published stating the reasons.
Corrections may be initiated by authors, editors, or readers. They are published as separate documents linked to the original article.
Authors have the right to withdraw a manuscript prior to publication by submitting a justified written request signed by all co-authors.
All decisions regarding corrections or retraction are made promptly, generally within the procedural timeframes defined in Section 3, in order to ensure scientific integrity and maintain trust in published research. In exceptional cases, complete removal of materials may be carried out in accordance with legal requirements.